Cardiothoracic Surgery: Tracheal Tumors

Tracheal Tumors

Benign Tumors

  • Squamous Papilloma – Most Common Benign Tumor in Adults
  • Hemangioma – Most Common Benign Tumor in Pediatrics
  • Hamartoma
  • Neurogenic Tumors

Malignant Tumors (More Common Than Benign)

  • Majority Are Due to Direct Invasion from Other Carcinomas (Lung, Esophagus, Larynx or Thyroid)
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) – Most Common Primary Tumor (1/2-2/3)
  • Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
  • Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
  • Carcinoid Tumor – Most Common Malignant Tumor in Pediatrics

Presentation

  • Generally Nonspecific
  • Hemoptysis
  • Dysphagia
  • Hoarseness
  • Dyspnea

Diagnosis

  • Initial Imaging: CT
  • Diagnosis: Bronchoscopy with Biopsy

Treatment

  • Primary Treatment: Surgical Resection & Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
  • Surgery Complications:
    • Most Common Early Complication: Laryngeal Edema
      • Management: Intubation, Racemic Epinephrine & Steroids
    • Most Common Late Complication: Granulation Tissue

Tracheal Squamous Papillomatosis with Local Degeneration into SCC 1

Tracheal SCC 2

Trachea Adenoid Cystic Tumor 3

References

  1. Paliouras D, Gogakos A, Rallis T, Chatzinikolaou F, Asteriou C, Tagarakis G, Organtzis J, Tsakiridis K, Tsavlis D, Zissimopoulos A, Kioumis I, Hohenforst-Schmidt W, Zarogoulidis K, Zarogoulidis P, Barbetakis N. Coexistence of squamous cell tracheal papilloma and carcinoma treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy: a case report. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2015 Dec 21;12:1-4. (License: CC BY-NC-3.0)
  2. Burke G, McCaughan B, Glanville A. Metachronous tracheal squamous cell carcinoma treated with Nd: YAG laser. Respirol Case Rep. 2015 Mar;3(1):22-4. (License: CC BY-NC-ND-4.0)
  3. El Marjany M, Arsalane A, Sifat H, Andaloussi K, Oukabli M, Hadadi K, Kabiri el H, Mansouri H. Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea: a report of two cases and literature review. Pan Afr Med J. 2014 Sep 15;19:32. (License: CC BY-2.0)